1、Wound
(1) Surface wound swab collection method
①Limited to skin and subcutaneous tissue, including surgical incisions, decubitus ulcers, neonatal umbilicus, and infantile sepsis.
②Wiping off the surface exudate of the lesion with sterile saline or 75% alcohol.
③ wiping away and deeper pus secretions or tissues with sterile cotton swabs for examination.
(iv) When collecting specimens of decubitus ulcers, purulent secretions should be collected from the edges of the decubitus ulcers, and the swabs should be placed in the transport medium and sent for examination immediately, without collecting exudate from the surface of the wounds.
2、Anaerobic wound swab
(1) anaerobic special cotton or glass swab to palpate deep pus.
(2) available syringe aspiration, drain the air in the syringe to insert the needle into the sterilized rubber plug sent for examination.
(3) Immediately send for examination, which must be kept in anaerobic conditions during the sending process.
(4) not suitable for anaerobic bacteria culture are sputum, throat swabs, nasopharyngeal swabs, gingival swabs, rectal, vaginal and cervical swabs, as well as ileal and colostomy effluent, stomach, small intestine and large intestine contents.
3、Urethral secretion swab
(1) Men wipe and clean the urethral orifice with sterile gauze, and then take the purulent secretions overflowing from the urethra.
(2) When collecting prostatic fluid, first rinse the urethra and bladder, then massage the prostate with fingers from the anus to induce the overflow of prostatic fluid.
(3) In female patients, the urethra is first carefully wiped or cleaned with sterilized gauze or cotton swabs, and then the urethra is compressed from the vaginal endoscopy to cause the discharge to overflow.
(4) To take cervical secretion, first dilate the vagina with an endoscope and then take the secretion from the cervical orifice with a sterilized cotton swab, trying to avoid contamination by normal flora near the vagina and cervix.
4、Cellulitis
(1) Disinfect the skin with sterile saline or alcohol.
(2) Puncture and attraction with a fine needle at the most prominent point of inflammation.
(3) Draw a small amount of sterile saline in the syringe.
(4) Inject into a sterile test tube for examination.
5、Tissue specimen
(1) Microscopic specimens taken from living tissues can be directly inoculated in the culture medium.
(2) superficial tissues can be directly wiped with a cotton swab and scraped with a small knife.
(3) The surface of larger tissue blocks can be cauterized or immersed in boiling water for 5-10s, and then cut with sterilized scissors to take the pus from them.
(4) deep tissue specimens may be sent for examination by skin puncture or surgical excision.
(5) Tissue specimens may not be fixed with formalin.
(6) Sometimes the innermost dressing stained with pus can also be placed in a sterile flat dish for examination.
