Virus preservation solution is suitable for the sampling and transportation of common viral samples such as new coronavirus, influenza virus, hand, foot and mouth virus, etc. It is a liquid used to protect the detected material of the virus by submerging the sampled swab virus sample in the sampling tube, which can be collected from pharyngeal swabs, nasal swabs or specific parts of the tissue samples, and the stored samples can be used for subsequent clinical experiments such as nucleic acid extraction or purification.
Virus preservation fluids are usually divided into two types, a non-inactivated type that protects the proteins and nucleic acids of the virus, and an inactivated type that usually contains lysis salts that inactivate the virus and lyse the proteins while protecting the nucleic acids.
Inactivated: Virus preservation solution with added lysis salts is inactivated virus preservation solution, which contains Tris, lysis salts, EDTA, etc. The main purpose is to release nucleic acids by lysing them, thus determining whether the sample contains viral characteristic nucleic acids, i.e. whether it is infected with virus, through subsequent real-time fluorescence RT-PCR for nucleic acid detection.
Nucleic acids are biological macromolecular compounds consisting of many nucleotides polymerized into two types: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), which are among the most basic substances of life.
Virus structure single, it contains only a nucleic acid and protein, so the detection of the characteristic nucleic acid to detect the virus. Viruses are parasitic organisms and cannot survive in vitro after sampling, so if they cannot be detected in time, they need to be placed in virus preservation solution. In order to protect the safety of the virus detection environment, it is necessary to add lysis salts to inactivate the virus and release the nucleic acid that can be detected.
Non-inactivated: In addition to inactivated virus preservation solutions, there are also non-inactivated virus preservation solutions that do not contain lysis salts, but have better virus integrity and higher detection rates, and can be used for other studies in addition to nucleic acid detection. Inactivated virus preservation solution is safer to use and does not require as strict an operating environment, each with its own advantages. The components of non-inactivated virus preservation solution are mainly Hank's liquid base, to which many antibacterial components, cryoprotectants and other components have been added.
Methods of use of virus preservation solution.
Method of collection of oropharyngeal swabs.
①, ask the patient to sit down, tilt the head back, open the mouth wide, and remove the secretions from the surface in the anterior nasal orifice
(ii) The sampler fixes the tongue with a tongue depressor and crosses the oropharyngeal swab to the posterior pharyngeal wall and tonsillar crypt, lateral wall, etc. with an oropharyngeal swab
③, repeatedly wipe 3 to 5 times to collect mucosal cells
④、Gently remove the swab to avoid touching the tongue, pendulous body, oral mucosa and saliva
⑤、Swab is inserted back into the sampling device or a suitable transfer device.
Nasopharyngeal swab collection method.
①、Please keep the patient's head still and remove the secretions from the surface in the anterior nasal aperture
②. Use a good distance from the nostril to the root of the ear with a swab or other tool and use your finger as a marker
③、Gently and slowly insert the swab through the nasal cavity
④, swab up to the finger mark or meet resistance and stay for a few seconds to absorb the secretion; (usually stay 15-30 seconds, then gently rotate 3 times)
⑤, gently rotate to remove the swab and place it in the virus sampling tube (in the transfer medium); break the tail rod of the swab along the fracture point so that it is completely placed in the tube. Screw the tube cap tightly.
⑥. If collection from both nostrils is required, another swab should be used.
(⑦) Send to the examination room as soon as possible for examination.
⑧. Pay attention to the information of the collected person to avoid confusion.
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