Recently, a few more patients with new crowns have been screened in China, and the need for large-scale nucleic acid testing and nasopharyngeal swab collection tests in cities where new crowns occur has increased significantly.
Nasopharyngeal swab sampling is a common clinical task that is important for the diagnosis of respiratory tract infections, and there are many factors that influence the sampling process. If the operation is not standardized, it can directly affect the test results and even lead to clinical misdiagnosis and misdiagnosis. Moreover, if the operation is not regular, the risk of exposure of health care workers to infection increases.
The use of nasopharyngeal swabs to collect mucosal surface specimens from the respiratory tract is a common clinical task to evaluate the presence of respiratory viral or bacterial infections in adults and children.
Collection of nasopharyngeal swabs for nucleic acid testing is an important test in the diagnosis of novel neocoronaviruses.
Patients without specific contraindications to nasopharyngeal swabs can be operated. Clinicians should be careful if the patient has a recent history of nasal trauma or surgery, or a significant deviation of the nasal plug, or a history of chronic nasal congestion and severe coagulation disorders.
Nasopharyngeal swabs are specially made of plastic or metal with long, flexible handles and tops made of polyester, rayon and cast nylon.
Before starting work, make sure that all sample tubes are labeled and that the appropriate request form is completed before starting work.
When collecting samples related to novel new coronavirus, observe the respiratory and exposure-related precautions established by the relevant authorities and wear personal protective equipment correctly.
All patients undergoing novel new coronavirus screening are required to wear a mask. Samplers should have appropriate personal protection as needed.
Before collecting the specimen, ask the patient to remove the mask and blow the nose with a tissue to remove any unnecessary nasal secretions.
Remove the swab from the package and tilt the patient's head back a little so that the swabber can easily reach the nasopharynx through the nasal cavity. The patient is instructed to close the eyes to reduce the slight discomfort of the operation.
Insert a gently swallowed swab along the nose until there is a resistance cue.
It is important to note that the swallowed swab should be kept parallel to the chin during insertion, and that the swabber should back off, change the angle, and re-enter if resistance is encountered when passing through the nose.
The insertion depth of the swab should be equal to the distance from the nostril to the external opening of the ear.The CDC recommends that the swabber be placed for a few seconds after reaching the base of the nasopharynx so that the upper part of the swab can absorb the secretion, and then slowly removed while rotating the swab.
After opening the sample duct, the swab is inserted in the sample duct. Depending on the swabber, sometimes the swab needs to be disconnected from the groove, and sometimes it needs to be placed in the original package.
Most respiratory viruses replicate mainly in the epithelial cell sites of the posterior nasal ciliary column, and most of the epithelial cells of the anterior nostril and cilia in the entry eye are also sites of viral replication.
Therefore, pharyngeal swabs are usually collected by both nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs, with higher pathogen detection rates for nasopharyngeal swabs than for oropharyngeal swabs (but this assumes that nasopharyngeal swabs are collected based on the correct specifications). Therefore, collection of nasopharyngeal swabs is generally recommended.
Nasopharyngeal swab specimens can be examined for antigens, nucleic acids, or bacterial cultures (e.g., pertussis), but because the requirements for collecting nasopharyngeal swabs are higher than those for oropharyngeal swabs, they are not given much clinical attention.
