Shenzhen still faces a serious challenge to control the new coronavirus outbreak.

Recently, we have seen a lot of questions about pharyngeal swabs in the background, so today I will organize them, all you want to know are here

Q1：What is a pharyngeal swab? /What is a pharyngeal swab?

A1：Pharyngeal swab is a swab used to check whether the throat is diseased and to conduct throat sampling is pharyngeal swab, which can be said to be a test means to understand the patient's condition, oral mucosa and pharyngeal infection. Because the pharynx becomes infected when the body's systemic or local resistance decreases, or by external bacterial infestation, the doctor needs to collect some cells or viruses for observation to understand the patient's condition. (For details, please see the article on pharyngeal swabs)

Q2: How much is the pharyngeal swab test (nucleic acid test)?

A2: It is temporarily set at 40 RMB/visit (without nucleic acid testing reagents) at public medical institutions and no more than 160 RMB/visit (with nucleic acid testing reagents) at third-party testing institutions. However, some regions stipulate that once the diagnosis is confirmed, it is free of charge, then the suspected diagnosis requires a fee, and the price standard is different in each place. (For details, please see the article How much does a nucleic acid test cost?)

Q3: What kind of disease does a pharyngeal swab usually check?

A3：Pharyngeal swab is commonly used in clinical examination of bacterial or fungal inflammation of the throat, such as chronic pharyngitis, mycoplasma infection, Candida pharyngitis, inflammatory diphtheria, acute suppurative tonsillitis, acute pharyngitis and other important examination methods of pharyngeal diseases, etc. It is mainly applied to bacterial culture to clarify the pathogenic pathogens of the above diseases and provide clinical help for the next step of diagnosis and medication guidance. When patients have recurrent throat pain, pharyngeal discomfort, itching sensation, painful swallowing and other symptoms, pharyngeal swab examination can be used to clearly know which pathogenic bacteria are causing pharyngeal inflammation and which antibiotics the bacteria are sensitive or resistant to. It can provide a strong basis for clinicians to apply antibiotics.

Q4、What is the collection method of pharyngeal swab? /How to collect oropharyngeal swab? /How to take pharyngeal swab? /

A4：①、The collector uses tongue depressor to assist, the collectee opens the mouth to make the "ah" sound, the palatal lobe is lifted to expose the posterior pharyngeal wall, the swab crosses the tongue root to reach the narrow pharyngeal lesion, and quickly wipes both sides of the palatal arch and pharyngeal and tonsillar secretions.

②, put the swab into the virus delivery medium, and assist the tube cover to break the swab rod so that it is completely placed in the tube.

③ , screw the tube cover, mark it well, and put it into a plastic bag to seal it well.

④. Send the specimen for testing in a timely manner. (Please see the article Nucleic acid sampling pharyngeal swab operation for details)

Q5：How long does it take to get the results of the pharyngeal swab test? /How long does it take to get the result of nucleic acid test? Pharyngeal swab results in 1 hour?

A5：The pharyngeal swab test usually gives results in one day. (For details, please see the article How long does it take to get results for nucleic acid testing)

Q6：Pharyngeal swab specimen collection operation process?

A6：Pharyngeal swab sampling when.

①, first, check with the subject's personal information.

②, then tear open the outer packaging of the sampling swab and remove the sampling swab.

③, let the subject open his mouth to make an ah sound, expose the throat, and if necessary, press the tongue down with a tongue depressor (lightly press the front 2/3 of the tongue and the back 1/3 of the tongue).

④ Remove the sterile swab and gently and rapidly wipe the bilateral pharyngeal tonsils and posterior pharyngeal wall 3 times, and put the swab head into the preservation solution.

⑤ snap off the tail of the swab by force at the mouth of the preservation tube bottle, discard the tail, tighten and cap the tube (strictly enforce aseptic operation), and

⑥. check the patient's name again after taking the sample.

⑦. Put the sample in a sealed bag, in a special transfer box, and send the sample to the laboratory for testing quickly. (For details, please see the standard precautions for pharyngeal swab collection)

Q7：The part of the pharyngeal swab collection? Picture of pharyngeal swab sampling section

Generally we do nucleic acid testing in the nasopharynx or oropharynx, because normal human pharyngeal isthmus culture should have normal oral flora and no pathogenic bacteria growth. Bacteria in the pharynx are from the outside world and are not pathogenic under normal circumstances, but can become infected and cause disease when the body's systemic or local resistance is reduced and other external factors. Therefore, pharyngeal swab bacterial culture can isolate pathogenic bacteria. Pharyngeal swab culture specimens are collected prior to antimicrobial drug treatment. The pharynx is a pathway for breathing and food, and morning collection is preferred. Do not rinse the mouth with antiseptic medication or apply localized to the lesion for several hours prior to sampling. Avoid touching the oral cavity, tongue mucosa and saliva. Tonsil site specimens are preferably taken from the tonsillar fossa.

(For details, please see the article Nucleic acid collection pharyngeal swab site and collection method)

Q8:How many levels of protection are used for pharyngeal swab collection?

A8: Now the epidemic is not so tense, the general hospital is the second level of protection, in addition to the second level of protection there is the most rigorous and demanding third level of protection, the third level of protection generally depends on whether the hospital has the conditions ...... (For details, please see the article pharyngeal swab collection using several levels of protection)

Q9:Which is accurate, pharyngeal swab or blood draw?

A9:Pharyngeal swab is more accurate because we all know that the new coronavirus is mainly transmitted by droplet and contact, plus the presence of ACE2 receptors in the respiratory tract, which are necessary for the invasion of the new coronavirus, so the respiratory tract of the infected person is the main gateway for the invasion of the new coronavirus, and therefore the infected person will develop pneumonia. In the early stages of infection, if blood is used to test for nucleic acid, there is a high probability of false negatives, because the blood may not be infested with the virus in the early stages of infection. In contrast, pharyngeal swabs, which are taken from the nasopharynx, oral cavity, and other lower respiratory tract secretions, have the highest chance of yielding a positive result, making pharyngeal swabs the best choice for nucleic acid testing. (For more details, see the article Why do we use pharyngeal swabs instead of blood for new crowns?)